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國際貨幣基金組織稱,儘管能源衝擊,亞洲仍將是主要成長引擎

-- 國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)經濟學家週四表示,儘管中東衝突引發的能源供應衝擊風險日益加劇,但亞洲預計仍將是全球經濟成長的主要引擎。 IMF官員安德烈亞·佩斯卡托里和克里希納·斯里尼瓦桑表示,儘管美國加徵關稅且貿易不確定性持續存在,但亞洲去年仍保持了強勁的增長勢頭,以穩健的姿態進入2026年。 IMF近期發布了《亞太地區經濟展望》。 然而,不斷升級的衝突推高了能源價格,加劇了通膨,削弱了外部平衡,並限制了政策靈活性。 IMF預測,假設此次衝擊是暫時的,亞洲經濟成長將從2025年的5%放緩至2026年的4.4%和2027年的4.2%。預計中國和印度將貢獻該地區約70%的經濟成長。 今年通膨率預計將從2025年的1.4%升至2.6%。如果衝擊持續時間延長或加劇,到2027年累積成長率可能下降1至2個百分點。 亞洲地區由於依賴能源進口,尤其容易受到衝擊,其石油和天然氣淨進口量約佔產量的2.5%。該地區消耗了全球約38%的石油和24%的天然氣,並且嚴重依賴霍爾木茲海峽的運輸。供應中斷可能引發短缺,並波及包括化肥和石化產品在內的整個供應鏈。 預計此次衝擊將透過多種管道影響各國經濟,包括貿易收支惡化、家庭購買力下降、生產成本上升以及利率上升和美元走強導致的金融環境收緊。 預計大多數經濟體的成長將放緩,但韓國可能受益於強勁的科技週期。新興亞洲今年預計將成長4.9%,而已開發經濟體成長率也將放緩。通膨趨勢各不相同,日本通膨有所緩和,但澳洲通膨仍居高不下,中國和印度通膨則持續上升。 風險依然偏向下檔。在不利情境下,2026年區域經濟成長可能比基準水準低近一個百分點,而更嚴重的衝擊可能導致到2027年累積產出損失約兩個百分點。 國際貨幣基金組織表示,各國政府應專注於對弱勢家庭的有針對性的臨時支持,同時避免提供會扭曲物價並加重公共財政負擔的大規模補貼。各國央行應保持彈性,因為長期衝擊可能加劇貨幣疲軟和持續通膨。 他們表示,亞洲應對危機的最佳途徑是保護弱勢群體、允許物價調整、錨定通膨預期並加速結構性改革。

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