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国际货币基金组织称,尽管能源冲击,亚洲仍将是主要增长引擎

-- 国际货币基金组织(IMF)经济学家周四表示,尽管中东冲突引发的能源供应冲击风险日益加剧,但亚洲预计仍将是全球经济增长的主要引擎。 IMF官员安德烈亚·佩斯卡托里和克里希纳·斯里尼瓦桑表示,尽管美国加征关税且贸易不确定性持续存在,但亚洲去年仍保持了强劲的增长势头,以稳健的姿态进入2026年。IMF近期发布了《亚太地区经济展望》。 然而,不断升级的冲突推高了能源价格,加剧了通胀,削弱了外部平衡,并限制了政策灵活性。 IMF预测,假设此次冲击是暂时的,亚洲经济增长将从2025年的5%放缓至2026年的4.4%和2027年的4.2%。预计中国和印度将贡献该地区约70%的经济增长。 预计今年通胀率将从2025年的1.4%升至2.6%。如果冲击持续时间延长或加剧,到2027年累计增长率可能下降1至2个百分点。 亚洲地区由于依赖能源进口,尤其容易受到冲击,其石油和天然气净进口量约占产量的2.5%。该地区消耗了全球约38%的石油和24%的天然气,并且严重依赖霍尔木兹海峡的运输。供应中断可能引发短缺,并波及包括化肥和石化产品在内的整个供应链。 预计此次冲击将通过多种渠道影响各国经济,包括贸易收支恶化、家庭购买力下降、生产成本上升以及利率上升和美元走强导致的金融环境收紧。 预计大多数经济体的增长将放缓,但韩国可能受益于强劲的科技周期。新兴亚洲今年预计将增长4.9%,而发达经济体增速也将放缓。通胀趋势各不相同,日本通胀有所缓和,但澳大利亚通胀仍居高不下,中国和印度通胀则持续上升。 风险依然偏向下行。在不利情景下,2026年区域经济增长可能比基准水平低近一个百分点,而更严重的冲击可能导致到2027年累计产出损失约两个百分点。 国际货币基金组织表示,各国政府应重点关注对弱势家庭的有针对性的临时支持,同时避免提供会扭曲物价并加重公共财政负担的大规模补贴。各国央行应保持灵活性,因为长期冲击可能加剧货币疲软和持续通胀。 他们表示,亚洲应对危机的最佳途径是保护弱势群体、允许物价调整、锚定通胀预期并加快结构性改革。

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