-- ホルムズ海峡経由の原油輸送量が引き続き減少する中、世界の原油市場はさらに逼迫しており、先週のブレント原油価格の一時的な下落を受けてトレーダーらが緩和を期待していた供給ショックが深刻化している、とリスタッド・エナジーのストラテジストは月曜日のレポートで述べた。 「トランプ大統領の経済再開発表を受けて金曜日にブレント原油価格が急落したことで、いくらかの安堵感が生まれた。マージンは回復し、北海、西アフリカ、黒海産の原油の一部では、一時的に採算が取れる水準に戻ったように見えた」と、リスタッドのチーフ石油アナリスト、パオラ・ロドリゲス=マシウ氏は述べた。 現物原油価格は先物価格の指標を大きく上回っており、4月のブレント原油価格は平均で1バレル20ドルを超え、現物価格と運賃の差額がさらに20~25ドル上乗せされ、多くの製油所にとって代替原油の採算性が採算割れする状況となっている。 リスタッド社によると、一部のトレーダーは先週のブレント原油価格の下落を、混乱の最悪期は過ぎた兆候と解釈した。しかし、根本的な物理的制約は改善していない。 ロドリゲス・マシウ氏は、深刻な局面はまだ終わっていないと述べた。「欧州はより多くの原油を必要としているが、生産能力のある製油所は稼働率を下げている。製油所レベルでの合理的な対応は、システムレベルでは壊滅的な結果を招くだろう」と彼女は語った。 ホルムズ海峡経由の原油輸送量は、中東紛争勃発以来減少している。 リスタッド社によると、4月は3月よりも深刻な混乱が予想され、中東湾岸地域の生産量は平均1,430万バレル/日となり、前月より約300万バレル/日少なく、戦前の水準を1,300万バレル/日以上下回る見込みだ。 コンサルティング会社によると、代替供給拠点であるヤンブー、フジャイラ、ジェイハンからの出荷量は合計で日量680万バレルと過去最高を記録したが、そのうち増加分はわずか420万バレルに過ぎず、失われた供給量を補うには程遠い。 4月上旬には、イランとオマーンの海域を通る二重回廊が開通し、イラクからの積載量も増加したことで、輸送量は改善した。しかし、イランが海峡再開を発表したにもかかわらず、4月8日の停戦後、輸送量は再び悪化した。 米海軍による海上封鎖が依然としてイランの港への船舶の出入りを制限しているため、ライスタッド社は、残された最後の供給源、主にイラン産原油とコンデンセートが枯渇しつつあると指摘している。 4月22日の停戦期限を前に和平交渉は継続される見込みだが、ライスタッド社は、たとえ迅速な解決に至ったとしても、供給がすぐに回復するとは限らないと述べている。 コンサルティング会社は、原油供給量が戦前の水準の80~90%まで回復するには7月までかかり、さらに精製された原油が完成品として製油所に届くまでに1~2ヶ月かかると予測した。 供給逼迫により、ブレント原油の先物価格と直近価格のスプレッドは約25ドル/バレルにまで上昇しており、これは即時積載可能な原油に対する極めて高いプレミアムを反映している。 「これほど供給不足の市場は、穏やかに落ち着くことはないだろう」とロドリゲス・マシウ氏は述べた。「市場は即時価格の上昇を通じて調整されるだろう。製油所のマージン縮小が長引けば長引くほど、その調整はより急激なものになるだろう。」
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